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Int J Health Policy Manag. 2018;7(8): 711-717. doi: 10.15171/ijhpm.2017.146
PMID: 30078291        PMCID: PMC6077276

Original Article

Reporting of Financial and Non-financial Conflicts of Interest in Systematic Reviews on Health Policy and Systems Research: A Cross Sectional Survey

Lama Bou-Karroum 1, Maram B. Hakoum 2, Mira Z. Hammoud 3, Assem M. Khamis 4, Mounir Al-Gibbawi 5, Sanaa Badour 4,5, Divina Justina Hasbani 5, Luciane Cruz Lopes 6, Hebah M. El-Rayess 5, Fadi El-Jardali 1,4,7, Gordon Guyatt 7, Elie A. Akl 2,7,8 *

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1- Kahrass H, Borry P, Gastmans C, Ives J, van der Graaf R, Strech D, Mertz M. RESERVE - REporting of SystEmatic ReViews in Ethics: development, explanations and examples. bioethopenres. 2023;1:4 [Crossref]
2- Korfitsen C, Nejstgaard C, Hróbjartsson A, Boutron I, Bero L, Lundh A. Peer reviewers’ conflicts of interest in biomedical research: scoping review. BMJ EBM. 2025;30(2):104 [Crossref]
3- Hakoum M, Bou-Karroum L, Al-Gibbawi M, Khamis A, Raslan A, Badour S, Agarwal A, Alturki F, Guyatt G, El-Jardali F, Akl E. Reporting of conflicts of interest by authors of primary studies on health policy and systems research: a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open. 2020;10(7):e032425 [Crossref]
4- Petticrew M, Glover R, Volmink J, Blanchard L, Cott É, Knai C, Maani N, Thomas J, Tompson A, van Schalkwyk M, Welch V. The Commercial Determinants of Health and Evidence Synthesis (CODES): methodological guidance for systematic reviews and other evidence syntheses. Syst Rev. 2023;12(1) [Crossref]
5- Gorman D. Use of publication procedures to improve research integrity by addiction journals. Addiction. 2019;114(8):1478 [Crossref]
6- Faggion C, Listl S, Smits K. Meta‐research publications in dentistry: a review. European J Oral Sciences. 2021;129(1) [Crossref]
7- Hakoum M, Noureldine H, Habib J, Abou-Jaoude E, Raslan R, Jouni N, Hasbani D, Lopes L, Guyatt G, Akl E. Authors of clinical trials seldom reported details when declaring their individual and institutional financial conflicts of interest: a cross-sectional survey. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2020;127:49 [Crossref]
8- Wiersma M, Kerridge I, Lipworth W. Perspectives on non-financial conflicts of interest in health-related journals: A scoping review. Accountability in Research. 2024;:1 [Crossref]
9- Faggion C. Watching the watchers: A report on the disclosure of potential conflicts of interest by editors and editorial board members of dental journals. European J Oral Sciences. 2021;129(6) [Crossref]
10- Faggion C, Pandis N, Cardoso G, Rodolfo B, Morel L, Moraes R. Reporting of conflict of interest and sponsorship in dental journals. Journal of Dentistry. 2020;102:103452 [Crossref]
11- Yu J, Su G, Hirst A, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Li Y. Identifying competing interest disclosures in systematic reviews of surgical interventions and devices: a cross-sectional survey. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020;20(1) [Crossref]
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14- Heymann J, Su N, Faggion C. Differences in the reporting of conflicts of interest and sponsorships in systematic reviews with meta-analyses in dentistry: an examination of factors associated with their reporting. Res Integr Peer Rev. 2024;9(1) [Crossref]
15- Kugler C, Goossen K, Akl E, Pieper D. A metaresearch study finds unclear impact of institutional conflicts of interest on conclusions of studies investigating volume–outcome relationships. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2025;182:111756 [Crossref]
16- Tang X, Shi X, Zhao H, Lu L, Chen Z, Feng Y, Liu L, Duan R, Zhang P, Xu Y, Cui S, Gong F, Fei J, Xu N, Jing X, Guyatt G, Zhang Y. Characteristics and quality of clinical practice guidelines addressing acupuncture interventions: a systematic survey of 133 guidelines and 433 acupuncture recommendations. BMJ Open. 2022;12(2):e058834 [Crossref]
17- Carr M, Reddy V, Anderson J, Weaver M, Hartwell M, Vassar M. Evaluating the Relationship between Industry Sponsorship and Conflicts of Interest among Systematic Review Authors on Treatments for Cannabis use Disorder. Substance Abuse. 2022;43(1):1180 [Crossref]
18- Haddaway N, Akl E, Page M, Welch V, Keenan C, Lotfi T. Open synthesis and the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2020;126:184 [Crossref]
19- Faggion C. Education and learning: potential methodological and ethical issues in systematic reviews containing a meta-analysis: some critical reading suggestions for junior doctors. 2024;100(1182):269 [Crossref]
20- Smith M, Katikireddi S, Hilton S, Skivington K. Development processes for e-cigarette public health recommendations lacked transparency in managing conflicts of interest. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2022;152:80 [Crossref]