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Int J Health Policy Manag. 2024;13: 7872.
doi: 10.34172/ijhpm.2024.7872
  Abstract View: 14
  PDF Download: 9

Original Article

Building a Systems Map: Applying Systems Thinking to Unhealthy Commodity Industry Influence on Public Health Policy

Adam Bertscher 1* ORCID logo, James Nobles 2 ORCID logo, Anna B. Gilmore 3 ORCID logo, Krista Bondy 4 ORCID logo, Amber van den Akker 3 ORCID logo, Sarah Dance 5 ORCID logo, Michael Bloomfield 1 ORCID logo, Mateusz Zatoński 3

1 Department of Social and Policy Sciences, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
2 Centre of Active Lifestyles, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK.
3 Department for Health, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
4 School of Management, Marketing, Business & Society, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
5 Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities & Social Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK.
*Corresponding Author: Correspondence to: Adam Bertscher; , Email: ab3298@bath.ac.uk

Abstract

Background: Unhealthy commodity industries (UCIs) engage in political practices to influence public health policy, which poses barriers to protecting and promoting public health. Such influence exhibits characteristics of a complex system. Systems thinking would therefore appear to be a useful lens through which to study this phenomenon, potentially deepening our understanding of how UCI influence are interconnected with one another through their underlying political, economic and social structures. As such this study developed a qualitative systems map to depict the complex pathways through which UCIs influence public health policy and how they are interconnected with underlying structures.

Methods: Online participatory systems mapping workshops were conducted between November 2021 and February 2022. As a starting point for the workshops, a preliminary systems map was developed based on recent research. Twenty-three online workshops were conducted with 52 geographically diverse stakeholders representing academia, civil society (CS), public office, and global governance organisations (CGO). Analysis of workshop data in NVivo and feedback from participants resulted in a final systems map.

Results: The preliminary systems map consisted of 40 elements across six interdependent themes. The final systems map consisted of 64 elements across five interdependent themes, representing key pathways through which UCIs impact health policy-making: (1) direct access to public sector decision-makers; (2) creation of confusion and doubt about policy decisions; (3) corporate prioritisation of commercial profits and growth; (4) industry leveraging the legal and dispute settlement processes; and (5) industry leveraging policy-making, norms, rules, and processes.

Conclusion: UCI influence on public health policy is highly complex, involves interlinked practices, and is not reducible to a single point within the system. Instead, pathways to UCI influence emerge from the complex interactions between disparate national and global political, economic and social structures. These pathways provide numerous avenues for UCIs to influence public health policy, which poses challenges to formulating a singular intervention or limited set of interventions capable of effectively countering such influence. Using participatory methods, we made transparent the interconnections that could help identify interventions in future work.


Citation: Bertscher A, Nobles J, Gilmore AB, et al. Building a systems map: applying systems thinking to unhealthy commodity industry influence on public health policy. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2024;13:7872. doi:10.34172/ijhpm.2024.7872
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Submitted: 08 Dec 2022
Accepted: 12 Mar 2024
ePublished: 07 Apr 2024
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